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    Thesis
    Biofiltración de un conjunto de compuestos hidrofílicos y aromáticos hidrofóbicos odorantes de emisiones gaseosas industriales
    (Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 2026-07)
    Amaro Belmar, Sebastián Erick
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    Otro
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    Aroca Arcaya, Germán
    El tratamiento de emisiones gaseosas contaminadas provenientes de actividades industriales constituye un desafío ambiental relevante, debido al incremento de las exigencias regulatorias y a la necesidad de desarrollar tecnologías eficientes y sostenibles para el control de contaminantes atmosféricos. En este estudio se evaluó un sistema biológico híbrido para el tratamiento de una mezcla compleja de compuestos odorantes con características hidrofílicas e hidrofóbicas. El sistema propuesto estuvo compuesto por dos biofiltros conectados en serie: un biofiltro de escurrimiento colonizado por las bacterias Thiobacillus thioparus y Nitrosomonas europaea, destinado a la remoción de amoníaco y ácido sulfhídrico, y un biofiltro de lecho fijo colonizado por el hongo ligninolítico Anthracophyllum discolor, orientado al tratamiento de indol y p-cresol. La corriente gaseosa utilizada para alimentar el sistema contenía amoníaco y ácido sulfhídrico como compuestos hidrofílicos, además de indol y p-cresol como compuestos hidrofóbicos. Inicialmente, ambos biofiltros fueron operados de manera independiente con el objetivo de establecer valores de referencia para evaluar posteriormente el desempeño del sistema integrado. El biofiltro de escurrimiento alcanzó capacidades de eliminación total de amoníaco y ácido sulfhídrico asociadas a cargas de entrada de hasta 8 y 4 g·m⁻³·h⁻¹, respectivamente. Por otro lado, el biofiltro de lecho fijo presentó capacidades de eliminación total cercanas a 12 g·m⁻³·h⁻¹ para indol y 20 g·m⁻³·h⁻¹ para p-cresol. Posteriormente, ambos biofiltros fueron conectados en serie y operados durante 90 días utilizando una única corriente gaseosa contaminada con los cuatro compuestos. Bajo esta configuración, el sistema alcanzó capacidades de eliminación total asociadas a cargas de entrada de 8 g·m⁻³·h⁻¹ para amoníaco, 6 g·m⁻³·h⁻¹ para ácido sulfhídrico, 12 g·m⁻³·h⁻¹ para indol y 30 g·m⁻³·h⁻¹ para p-cresol. La comparación con la operación independiente de cada biofiltro evidenció que(...).
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    Publication
    A pi + sliding-mode controller based on the discontinuous conduction mode for an unidirectional buck–boost converter with electric vehicle applications
    (2021-10)
    Sanchez, Antonio
    This paper solves the buck-boost converter operation problem in the discontinuous conduction mode and the feeding a DC bus of a combined battery/solar-powered electric vehicle grid. Since the suns radiation has a very important effect on the performance of photovoltaic solar modules due to its continuous variation, the main task of the system under study is the regulation of the output voltage from an MPPT system located at the output of the panels in order to obtain a DC bus voltage that is fixed to 24 V. This is ensured via a double-loop scheme, where the current inner loop relies on sliding-mode control; meanwhile, the outer voltage loop considers a proportional-integral action. Additionally, the current loop implements an adaptive hysteresis logic in order to operate at a fixed frequency. The closed-loop systems performance is checked via numerical results with respect to step changes in the load, input voltage, and output voltage reference variations.
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    A Novel Simplified Implementation of Finite-Set Model Predictive Control for Power Converters
    (1905-07-13)
    Pulido, Esteban
    This article presents a novel simplified method to implement the finite set - model predictive control technique for photovoltaic generation systems connected to the ac network. This method maintains the advantages of the conventional finite set - model predictive control, such as fast response, simple implementation, and easy understanding; but it also eliminates the use of a cost function and hence the weighting factors, instead, it finds the optimal operating state directly from the model and the discrete number of valid states of the converter. Although the proposed algorithm does not compute a cost function, it is able to select the inverter state that minimizes the tracking error by using a hexagonal convergence region. The main advantage of this technique is to reduce the computational cost in 43% of the algorithm that selects the best state, presenting a simple and complete algorithm without compromising the predictive control performance. The proposed algorithm properly operates under various conditions such as changes in the network frequency and changes in the system parameters.
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    A novel learning-based binarization scheme selector for swarm algorithms solving combinatorial problems
    (2021-11)
    Castro, Carlos
    Currently, industry is undergoing an exponential increase in binary-based combinatorial problems. In this regard, metaheuristics have been a common trend in the field in order to design approaches to successfully solve them. Thus, a well-known strategy includes the employment of continuous swarm-based algorithms transformed to perform in binary environments. In this work, we propose a hybrid approach that contains discrete smartly adapted population-based strategies to efficiently tackle binary-based problems. The proposed approach employs a reinforcement learning technique, known as SARSA (State-Action-Reward-State-Action), in order to utilize knowledge based on the run time. In order to test the viability and competitiveness of our proposal, we compare discrete state-of-the-art algorithms smartly assisted by SARSA. Finally, we illustrate interesting results where the proposed hybrid outperforms other approaches, thus, providing a novel option to tackle these types of problems in industry.
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    A new technique for separation of partial discharge sources and electromagnetic noise in radiofrequency measurements using energy ratios of different antennas
    (2021-06) ; ;
    Cerda-Luna, Matías
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    Cevallos, Benjamín
    One of the main tools for monitoring the condition of high voltage equipment is the measurement of partial discharges (PD). The electromagnetic (EM) radiation originated from this degradation phenomenon can be captured by various types of ultra-high frequency (UHF) antennas carefully designed and optimised for specific frequency bands. However, the presence of environmental noise may limit the use of this technique. Different types of monopole antennas normally used in UHF PD measurement have been evaluated in order to validate the performance of a novel separation technique of EM sources. Accordingly, a new separation technique based on the energy ratio of the captured signals was developed, considering noise interferences. The results revealed that the new technique allows an adequate separation, even when three sources act simultaneously.
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    Thesis
    Transporte óptimo para un esquema de extracción de pozo a cielo abierto
    (2022-08)
    Recabarren Beltrán, Bernardo Andrés
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    Departamento de Matemática
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    Hermosilla Jimenez, Cristopher Adrian
    El transporte óptimo ha sido tema de interés durante los últimos años [Villani, 2008] por sus aplicaciones en gestión de operaciones y en procesamiento de imágenes. En particular, en [Ekeland and Queyranne, 2015] se plantea un modelo de transporte óptimo para la extracción de un pozo minero a cielo abierto. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un modelo similar al descrito anteriormente, pero agregando restricciones de capacidad de extracción. Utilizando el esquema de dualidad de [Pennanen and Perkkiö, 2019] para problemas en el espacio de medidas de Radón, se consiguen condiciones de optimalidad para las soluciones, las cuales generan un pozo. Numéricamente se consiguen resultados para la optimalidad del pozo en el problema discretizado tanto para el problema irrestricto como para el problema con la restricción de capacidad.
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    Thesis
    Resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem: taxonomy, variants, and approaches
    (2023-03-27)
    Gómez Sánchez, Mariam
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    Riff Rojas, Maria Cristina
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    Departamento de Informática
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    Lalla Ruiz, Eduardo (UT Enschede -The Netherlands)
    Project Management is becoming increasingly crucial in competitive environments such as manufacturing and the service industries. The resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem (RCMPSP) consists of assigning start times to jobs corresponding to two or more projects that must be executed simultaneously while respecting the precedence between jobs and limited resources. The existing rise in the study of the RCMPSP resulted in numerous works on the topic while proposing different problem features. This thesis presented a study of the RCMPSP and its variants, the base problem is initially described, and the solution methods and benchmarks used to solve RCMPSPs are classified and analyzed. The implications of the RCMPS with practice and its connection are also discussed. In addition, this research analyzed different variants of the problem based on aspects related to jobs, projects, relationships, resources, and time management, and based on the problem variants considered in the reviewed works, a taxonomy allowing (i) the identification and positioning of each RCMPSP variant and (ii) the analysis of the current state-of-the-art of the problem was proposed. Subsequently, it delved into the research of one of the most studied variants in the literature, RCMPSP with local resources (RCMPSP-L), describing the problem in detail and exposing its corresponding mathematical formulation. To solve the RCMPSP-L, a hybrid algorithm that integrates ant colony optimization with a hill-climbing first-improvement algorithm was proposed, and the experimentation process was carried out using a set of instances taken from the MPSPLib. The proposed algorithm presented low variability values, the construction phase provided good-quality solutions, and the local search constantly improved the constructive algorithm, with the results compared with other well-known approaches in the literature, evidencing that for different existing metrics, the proposed approach presents competitive results. Later, new variants of the problem that consider resource mixed accessibility, total resource allocation, delay costs, and resource costs were presented: RCMPSP-MT-W and RCMPSP-MT-W+RC, respectively, both variants described and mathematically formulated. A hybrid algorithm that integrates priority rules, simulated annealing, and tabu search as part of an iterated local search was proposed to solve the variants, where simple perturbation and joint perturbation were proposed as different perturbation intensities as part of the ILS. To validate the model and the algorithm, 36 instances based on the MPSPLib library were modified, and the results show that the application of joint perturbation yields better or equal results than simple perturbation, making greater use of resources with global accessibility, and although it may not be the only factor, the global accessibility of resources may imply greater freedom of allocation, allowing better results to be obtained.
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    Thesis
    Mahalanobis Distance Loss: Nueva función de pérdida basada en mapas de distancia texturales para la tarea de segmentación de lesiones de esclerosis múltiple
    (Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 2026-01-05)
    Ulloa Poblete, Gustavo Jorge
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    Veloz Baeza, Alejandro (Universidad de Valparaíso)
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    Departamento de Informática
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    Allende Olivares, Hector
    La segmentación automática de lesiones de esclerosis múltiple en imágenes de resonancia magnética es una tarea fundamental para el diagnóstico, el monitoreo de la enfermedad y la evaluación de tratamientos. No obstante, la presencia del efecto del volumen parcial, el solapamiento de intensidades entre tejidos y el alto desbalance de clases, dificultan la segmentación de las lesiones de EM. En esta tesis se propone una nueva función de pérdida, denominada Mahalanobis Distance Loss (MDL), basada en el Mapa de Distancias de Mahalanobis (MDM), también propuesto, que integra información espacial y textural mediante características radiómicas extraídas de la modalidad FLAIR. A diferencia de los mapas de distancia construidos con la distancia euclidiana, el MDM incorpora dependencias estadísticas entre características, capturando mejor las variaciones sutiles en regiones ambiguas cercanas a los bordes de las lesiones. La MDL es combinada con la Generalized Dice Loss mediante un parámetro $\epsilon$ que regula el equilibrio entre solapamiento global y precisión en los bordes. La evaluación en los conjuntos de datos públicos ISBI-MS y MSSEG2016, utilizando una U-Net, demuestra que la función de pérdida propuesta supera a las basadas en mapas de distancia euclidiana, como Boundary Loss y Hausdorff Loss, en métricas de solapamiento (Dice, precisión), de borde (HD95, ASSD) y de detección bajo desbalance de clases (AUC-PR), además de reducir los falsos positivos. Los resultados validan que incorporar información de textura en la función de pérdida mediante el MDM mejora la segmentación automática de lesiones de EM y ofrece un marco prometedor para generalizar estas ideas a otros tipos de lesiones, tejidos y órganos.
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    Thesis
    Modelación hidrodinámica y deriva de partículas como sistema de soporte en casos SAR marítimo en Chile: aplicación al accidente aéreo del avión C-212, 2 de septiembre de 2011, archipiélago de Juan Fernández
    (Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, 2022-03)
    Córdova Montecinos, Pablo
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    Departamento de Obras Civiles
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    Flores Audibert, Raul Pedro
    El presente estudio aborda el desarrollo de un sistema operativo de respuesta ante emergencias Search and Rescue (SAR) en ambientes marítimos, basado en el uso de Modelos Hidrodinámicos Globales (MHG) y un Modelo Hidrodinámico Local (MHL), específicamente FVCOM. Se diseñaron algoritmos para procesar las salidas de estos modelos y utilizarlas como entrada en el Estimador Múltiple de Deriva de Partículas (EMDP), con el objetivo de delimitar zonas de búsqueda ante eventos de deriva en el mar. La evaluación del sistema se realizó utilizando datos del accidente aéreo del 2 de septiembre de 2011, ocurrido entre Isla Santa Clara e Isla Robinson Crusoe. Los resultados evidencian una buena concordancia entre trayectorias simuladas y observadas, con variaciones asociadas a las condiciones océano-atmosféricas. Se observó mejor desempeño de los modelos influenciados por mareas en condiciones de calma, y de los modelos impulsados por viento cuando este superó los 7 km·h⁻¹. El uso del MHL permitió una resolución espacial fina (hasta 46 m), capturando con mayor precisión la distribución de trayectorias. Este trabajo representa el primer aporte científico en Chile orientado a emergencias SAR marítimas, y propone una herramienta de apoyo eficiente para autoridades responsables en la toma de decisiones.
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    Wastewater treatment for removal of recalcitrant compounds: A hybrid process for decolorization and biodegradation of dyes
    (2011-08-01)
    Palma, Carolyn
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    Vásquez, Carlos
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    Contreras, Elsa
    While conventional wastewater treatments for urban effluents are fairly routine and have proved highly effective, industrial wastewater requires more complex and specific treatments. This paper provides a technological strategy for removal of recalcitrant contaminants based on a hybrid treatment system. The model effluent containing a binary mixture of synthetic dyes is treated by a combination of a preliminary physicochemical stage followed by a biological stage based on ligninolytic enzymes produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. This proposal includes biosorption onto peat as pretreatment, which decreases the volume and concentration to be treated in the biological reactor, thereby obtaining a completely decolorized effluent. The treated wastewater can therefore be reused in the dyeing baths with the consequent saving of water resources.